Cooling system for internal-combustion engines.



l. V. GIESLER. 'comme sysrEM ron INTERNAL comausnom imams.

APPLICATION FILED APH- 23. |911- Patened Daal TED STATES rnrnnr onricn JEAN V. GIESLER, OF KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE, v.ASSIGN OR TO THE FULTON COMPANY, OF KN OXVILLE, TENNESSEE, A CORPORATION OF MAINE.

COOLING SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Specicationof Letters Patent. Patented Dec; 1918 Application led npri123, 1917. Serial No. 163,959.

' in the following specification.

This invent-ion relatesto cooling systems for internal combustion engines and, While capable of use in connection with a wide variety of engines of this type, has particular utility when applied to the engines of automobiles. i

It is an obj ect of this invention to provide a cooling system for internal combustion engines which enables the engine to be brought quickly to that temperature at which it operates most efficiently, Which maintains the engine at such temperature even under Widely varying and adverse temperature conditions exterior thereto, and which retains the engine at such temperature for a considerable time after the engine iS stopped to avoid the necessity of bringingit back to its proper temperature after each short period that the engine is not in operation, Which periods frequently Occur in the running of an automobile.

It has heretofore been proposedto provide an internal combustion engine With a jacket, a radiator in connection with said jacket, and thermosensitive means for regulating the circulation of cooling medium through said jacket and radiator, both' wlth and without the provision of a by pass around the radiator. Vhile possessing many advantages, such systems have also serious inherent defects, among the more notable of which may be mentioned the likelihood of freezing of the stationary body of Water in the radiator under extreme temperature conditions; the adverse cooling effects produced by the circulation' `of air around the engine parts under conditions of low external temperature; the loss of efciency, under such conditions, arising from the supply of air at too low a temperature to the carbureter and from 'condensation in the lntake manifold; and the rapid cooling of the system and engine when the latter is stopped even for a short period.

It has also been proposed to provide an internal combustion engine with a jacket, a radiator connected therewith and a curtain, damper or shutters for regulating the flOW of air through the radiator, such curtain, damper or shutters in some instances being 'controlled by thermosensitive means so as to vary the admission of air to the radiator in accordance with the temperature variations of the cooling system. While possessing certain advantages, these systems also have certain serious inherent defects, among the more notable of which may be mentioned the slowness with which the engine is brought to its proper temperature because of the large body of cooling medium that must first be raised to such temperature, and the difficulty of bringing the engine and system to such temperature because of the air leakage that inevitably occurs around devices of the type referred to.

It is van object 0f this invention to combine, in a cooling system for internal combustion engines, the two types of temperature-regulating means above referred to under such conditions and by the use of such instrumentalities as will secu-re the advantages arising from the use of either, While avoiding the defects inherent in both, and furthermore obtaining benefits heretofore unobtai'nable by the use of the known systems. Other object-s of this invention relate to the provision of'a cooling system for internal combustion engines which. is simple in construction, elicient in operation, and inexpensive to manufact-ure and install.

Stated broadly, the invention consists of a cooling system for internal combustion engines comprising a jacket for the engine cylinder or cylinders, a radiator, connections between said radiator and jacket, and, by

preference, a by-pass' around said radiator,

together with mechanism for regulating the flow of air through the' radiator, valve mechanism for 'regulating .the flow of cooling medium through the system, and means for controlling said mechanisms, preferably 1n the form of thermosensitive means, desirably subjected to the temperature 0f the cooling medium flowing through the system, and, by preference, so constructed. and controlled that thel first-named mechanism `is not operated to admit the flow of air through the radiator until after the valve mechanism has assumed a predetermined position permitting the flow of the cooling medium through the radiator. Said thermosensitive means may be, and in practice preferably are, s0 constructed that, upon the occurrence of a leak therein rendering the regulating.

mechanisms unresponsive to -temperature variations, said mechanisms assume a position of safety 'admitting the maximum circulation of cooling mediumand the maximum flow of. air through said radiator.

The invention is capable of receiving a variety of mechanical expressions, one of which is shown on .the accompanying drawing, but it is to be expressly understood that such drawing is forpurposes of illustration only and is notV to be construed as a definition -of the limits of the invention, reference being hadl to the appended claims kfor that purpose.

Said drawing illustrates in elevation, somewhat diagrammatically, a cooling system for an V,internal combustion engine embodying the present invention, certain parts being shown in section.

Referring in detail to said drawing, 1 represents the cylinder or cylinders of an internal combustion engine, the sam'e being provided with a jacket through which it is designed that a cooling medium shall be circulated as is well known in the art. 2 designates a radiator of any suitable construction, 3 the upper water line connecting the engine jacket with the radiator, 4 the lower water' line connecting the radiator with the engine jacket, and 5 any suitable pump for maintaining a circulation 'through the system thus provided. Obviously, if desired, the thermo-Siphon system'of maintaining a -circulation through the engine jacket and radi- -ator could be employed in place of the forced system of circulation. In the v preferred'a'rrangement, a by-pass 6 is provided around the radiator, the same being shown `as connected `at its opposite ends with the upper and lower water lines intermediate the engine jacket andthe radiator, and conveniently taking 'the form of a tube of flexible material, such as rrubber, connected at `its oppo- 'site ends topipe connections 7 and8 suitably connected' into' the upper and lower` Water-` lines.l

. In accordance ,with the present invention,

the radiator is provided in an suitable way With a damper mechanism for regulating the flow of the air through the radiator,

such mechanism being illustrated as consisting of a series of shutters 9 pivoted to a suitable fra-me or housing at y'10 and connected at joints 11 to an operating bar or Also in accordance with the present invention, means are providedfor regulating the flow of the cooling medium through the' system, such means taking'the form of a valve mechanism 13 shown as consisting of a pair of seating valves 14 coacting with ports 15 provided in Walls positioned interirly of a housing 16, to which is connected, either integrally or separately, said pipe connection 7 and pipe connections 17 and 18 communicating respectively, in the form shown, with the portions of the upper Water line leading to the radiator and from the engine jacket. -The valve mechanism, however, could obviously be interposed in the lower `water-line if desired. Said valve mechanism also regulates the flow of the cooling medium through the by-pass, proportionately closing the by-pass as the main` water line from the water jacket to the ra; diator is opened, and to this end pipe connection7 is shown as extended interiorly of the housing 16 to provide a port 15 with which the outer valve 14 cooperates and which `it closes when the ports 15 have been opened wide. Obviously any other suitable form of valve mechanism may be employed if desired. l

' Means are provided for controlling the aforesaid damper mechanism 'and valve mechanism, such preferably taking the form of thermosensitive means. A While separate thermostats operatively connected to said jacket, one wall .of said vessel being main?. `tained stationary While the `opposite and movable wall of said vessel is connected to said valves 14 by a stem 20.' A second exi pansible and collapsible corrugatedresili-v ent vessel 21 is in communication with 'the aforesaid vessel 19 through a pipe 22 and4 has one end Wall maintained stationary by a; suitable framework 22 while` its opposite and movable end wall is connected by a stem ment with and closes port 15.

`23 to a lever 24 pivoted at 25 and operatively connected at 26 to the shutter-operating bar 12.

Means are provided to prevent the operation of the Shutters until said valve mechanism has operated .to close the by-pass and open the water line between the engine jacket and the radiator. While a wide variety of means maybe employed to accomplish this end, the illustrated construction comprises a spring 27 secured at 28 to a relatively stationary part of 'the system as,

- for example, the framework supporting the shutters, and connected at its opposite end to lever 24 to oppose movement of said lever ina direction opening the shutters.

Preferably, the thermosensitive means is so constructed that, upon the occurence of a leak, the damper mechanisln and valve mechanism will assume positions of safety, i. e., positions wherein the maximum flow of air is admitted to thel radiator and the maximum circulation of cooling medium is maintained through the radiator to the exclusion of the by-pass. To this end, vessels 1,9v and 21 are made collapsible against an elastic force, preferably inherent in the walls of said vessel by constructing the same ofresilient material, and said vessels are vcharged with a thermosensitive fluid at a pressure below that to which the same are exteriorly subjected, the connections of said vessels to said damper mechanism and valve mechanism, respectively, being such that, upon expansion of said vessels, saiddamper mechamsm is opened wide and said valve mechanism is operated to close the by-pass and open the water line. Where a spring is used, as shown at 27, the elastic force against which vessel 21 is collapsed must bc suflicient to overcome said spring as well as to operate the shutter mechanism upon equalization of the interior and exterior pressures acting on said vessel.

Upon starting the engine, the cooling medium in the system is cold, vessels 19 and 21 are collapsed, valves 14 close ports 15, and shutters 9 close the air passage through the radiator. The circulation of cooling medium as maintained by the pump 5 is now from engine jacket 1 through valve housing 16, lbypass 6 and back'to the engine jacket. OW- ing to the relatively small body of water now in circulation, the engine quickly reaches the temperature at which it operates most efliciently. A further increase in temperature of the cooling medium produces an expansion of vessel 19 with a corresponding opening of ports 15 and a proportionate closing of port 15. Further increases in temperature produce further opening ofthe ports 15 until the outer valve 14 comes into engage- The circulation of cooling medium as maintained by the pump 5 is now through the upper water line 3, radiator 2, lower water line 4 and back to the engine jacket. During all of this time, spring 27 has opposed any tendency to expansion of vessel 2l and has maintained the shutters closed. Upon a further increase in tempera-ture of the cooling me-v dium after outer valve 14 has engaged port 15', the increase in pressure of the thermosensitive fluid within vessels 19 and 21 and connecting pipe 22 is exerted solely to cause an expansion of vessel 21, since vessel 19 can expand no further owing to the positive stop' provided by port 15 when in engagement with the outer valve 14. Expansion of vessel 21 produces an'operation of lever 24 lagainst the tension of spring 27 to gradually open shutters 9 until such quantity of air is permitted to flow through the radiator as will maintain the cooling medium in the system at its proper temperature. Upon a drop in temperature of the cooling medium, the first effect of the decrease in pressure exerted by the thermosensitive fluid is to pcrmit spring 27 to close shutters 9 with a co1'- responding collapsing of the vessel 21. lVhen vessel 21 is again fully collapsed, a further decrease in temperature, with a corresponding decrease in the pressure exerted Yby the thermosensitive fluid, permits a collapsilng of vessel 19 with a corresponding closing of ports 15 andpproportionate opening of port 15.

Should a leak occur in either of vessels 19 or 21, or in pipe 22, the equalization of the internal-and external pressures acting upon said vessels will permit the unbalanced elastic forces `against which said'vessels are normally collapsed to expand said vessels, mov- 15 and moving the shutters 9 against the tension of spring 27 to admit the maximum flow of air through the radiator.

, From the above, it will be seen that, upon starting the engine, only a small body of cooling medium needs to be heated before the engineis brought to its proper Vtempera- 'ture. Therefore. the engine will heat up quickly. Thereafter the proportion of cooling medium flowing through the radiator is automatically varied, andeventually the admission of air to the radiator is automatically varied= to maintain said cooling medium at said proper temperature. Upon stopping of the engine, the first effect of a decrease in temperature `of the cooling medium is to close the shutters 9, preventing the admission of air, retarding the-cooling of the parts, and maintaining them for a long period of time at such proper temperature. Furthermore, when the engine is running under adverse temperature conditions. the stationary body of water in the radiator is not likely to freeze as in systems hereing valves 14 to open ports 15 and close portA tofore proposed whereina thermostatically 'controlled by-pass is provided about the radiator; there is no circulation of air about the engine parts to coolvthem Ibelow their proper temperature or toproduce condensation ofthe explosive mixture in the intake manifold ,the air drawn into the carb'uireter is taken from the bodyy of heated air surrounding the engine and the eiiiciency of the engine is maintained; and, owing to the provision of the by-pass and its thermostatic control, such leakage as occurs about the shutters 9 is'insuicient to produce anl improper drop in temperature of the cooling medium. It will therefore be perceived that acooling system has been provided wherein the cooling medium is brought to its proper temperature within a minimum time, wherein the cooling medium is maintained lat such temperature under the most adverse temperature conditions, and wherein, upon stopping of the engine, the parts are main- 'tained at theirV pfroper temperature for a long period of time, so that, after a short stop, the engine may be started without loss of efficiency, a consideration of great importance in the operationofautomoble t glnes.

While theparticular embodiment illustrated on lthe drawing has been described with considerable detail, it is to be expressly understood that the invention is not to be restricted to the form there shown, for it is capable vof receiving a variety of mechanical expressions, some of which will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art, while lcertain features thereof are caable of use without other features thereof. eference is therefore to be had to the appended claims for a definition of the limits l of the invention.

What is claimed is n 1. Acooling system for internal combust-ion engines comprising an engine jacket, a radiator connected therewith, a by pass around said radiator, mechanism for regutor and by-pass, and thermosensitive means for controlling said mechanisms.

3. A cooling system for internal combustion engines comprising an engine jacket, a

radiator connected therewith, a by passh around said radiator, mechanism for regulating tthe iow of air through sald radiator, valve mechanism for regulating the flow of the cooling medium through said radiator and by-pass, and means controlled by the temperature of the cooling medium foroperating said mechanisms.'

4. A cooling system for internal combustion engines comprising an engine jacket, a

radiator connected therewith, a by passy around said radiator, mechanism for regulating' the iiow of air through said radiator. valve mechanism for regulating the flow of the cooling medium through said radiator and lby-pass, and thermosensitive means for operating said mechanisms in succession.

5. A cooling system for internal combustion engines comprising an engine jacket. a radiator connected therewith, a by -pass around said radiator, mechanism for regulating the iiow of air through said radiator, valve mechanism for regulating the fiow of the cooling medium through said radiator and by-pass, and means controlled ,by the temperature of the cooling medium for 1perating said mechanisms in succession.

6. A cooling system for internal combustion engines comprising an engine jacket, a radiator connected therewith, a by-p'ass around said radiator, a damper for regulating the iowof .air through said radiator, a Valve mechanism for regulatingthe flow of the cooling medium through said radiator and by-pass, thermosensitive means for operating said valve mechanism and damper, and means to prevent 'opening of said damper before said valve mechanism has assumed a predetermined position.

7. A cooling system for internal combustion engines comprising an engine jacket, a radiator connected therewith, aV by-pass around said radiator, a damper for regulating the flow of air through said radiator, a valve mechanism for regulating the flow of the cooling medium through said -radiator and by-pass, means. controlled'by the temperature of the cooling medium for operating said valve mechanism and damper, and means to prevent opening of said damper before said valve mechanism has assumed a predetermined position. f

8. A cooling system for internal combustion engines comprising an engine jacket, a radiator, connections between said jacket and radiator, a by-pass around said radiator, a damper for regulating the flow of air' through said radiator, a valve mechanism-forregulating the flow of the cooling medium through said radiator and by-pass, and thermosensitive means operatively connected to said damper and valve mechanism .to first closesaid by-pass and open a pas-v sage communicating with said radiator and to thereafter open said damper. n

9. A cooling system for internal combustion engmes comprising an engine jacket, a

lll-E radiator, connections Abetween said jacket and radiator, a by-pass around .said radiator, a damper for regulating the flow of air -through said radiator, a valve mechanism for regulating the flow of the cooling medium through said radiator and by-pass, and thermosensitive means subjected to the coolingr medium iovving through said system and operatively connected tosaid damper and valve mechanism to first close said by-pass and open a passage communicating with said radiator and :to thereafter open said damper. p

10. A cooling system for internal combustion engines comprising an engine jacket, a radiator, connections between said radiator and jacket, mechanism for regulating the flow of air through. said radiator, valve mechanismfor regulating the flow of the cooling medium through said radiator, and means controlled by the temperature of the cooling medium for operating said mechanisms in succession.

11. A cooling system for internal combustion engines comprising an engine jacket, a radiator, connections between said radiator and jacket, mechanism for -regulating the flow yof air through said radiator, valve lmechanism for regulating the iiow of the cooling medium through said radiator, and thermosensitive means for operating said mechanisms in succession. l

12. A cooling system for internal combustion engines comprising an engine jacket, a radiator, connections between said radiator and jacket, a damper for regulating the flow of air through said radiator, valve mechanism for regulating the flow of the cooling medium through said radiator, and thermosensitive means operatively connected to-said'damper and valve mechanism to first open a radiator connection and to thereafter open said damper.

13. A cooling system for internal combustion engines comprising an engine jacket, a radiator, connections between said radiator and acket, a damper for regulating the flow of air through said radiator, valve mechanism for regulating the ow of the cooling medium through said radiator, and thermo-l sensitive means subjected to the cooling medium flowing through said system and operatively connected to said damper and valve mechanism to first open -a radiator connection and to thereafter open said damper.

14. A cooling system for internal combusi tion engines comprising an engine jacket, a

radiator, connections between said radiator and jacket, a damper for regulating the flow of air through said radiator, valve mechanism for regulating the How of the cooling medium through said radiator, thermosensitive means operatively connected to said damper and valve mechanism, and means to prevent the opening of said. damper before said valve mechanism has operated to permit the flow of the cooling medium through said radiator.

l5. A cooling system for internal combustion engines comprising an engine jacket, a radiator, connections between said radiator and acket, a damper for regulating the flow of air through said radiator, Valve mechanism for regulating the fiow of the cooling i medium through said radiator, thermosensitive means subjected to the cooling medium fiowing through said system and operatively connected to said damper and valve mechanism, and means to prevent the opening of said damper before said valve mechanism has operated to permit the flow of the cooling medium through said radiator.

16. A Cooling system for internal combustion engines comprising an engine jacket, a radiator, connections between said radiator and jacket, a damper for regulating the flow of air through said radiator, a valve mechanism for regulating the flow of the cooling medium through said radiator, and expansible and collapsible vessels charged with thermosensitive fluid and, respectively connected to said damper andA saidvalve mechanism.

17. A cooling system for-internal combustion engines comprising an engine jacket, a radiator, connections between said radiator and j acket, a damper for regulating the flow of air through said radiator, a valve mechanism for regulating the How of the cooling medium through said radiator, and communicating expansible and collapsible vessels charged with thermosensitive fluid and respectively connected to said damper and said valve Ymechanism.

18. A cooling system for internal combustion engines comprising-'an engine jacket, a radiator, connections between saidradiator and jacket, a damper for regulating the flow of air through said radiator, a valve mechanism for 'regulating the flow of the Cooling medium through said radiator, expansible.

and collapsiblevessels Charged with a thermosensitive luld and respectively connected to said damper and said valve mechanism,

and means to prevent the expansion of the vessel connected tou said damper before said valve mechanism has assumed a predetermined position. y

19. A cooling system for internal combustion engines comprising an engine jacket, a radiator, connections between said radiator and jacket, a damper for regulating the flow of air through said radiator,y a valve mechanism for regulating thel flow of the cooling medium through said radiator, communicating expansible and collapsible vessels charged with a thermosensitive fluid and respectively connected to salcl damper and lsaid valve mechanism, andmeans limiting the expansion of said vessel 'connected to said" valve-mechanism whereby further i11- crease of pressure of said thermose'nsitive iuid'ei'ects expansion only of the vessel connected to said damper. l.. j

20. A cooling .system for internal coinbustion engines comprising an engine jacket, a radiator, connections ,between said radiator and jacket, a damper forregulating the flow v of 'air through said radiator, a valve mechanism for regulating the How `of the cooling medium through said radiator, communicating -expansible'and collapsible vessels charged with a\therinosensitive iiuid and respectively connected to said damper and said valve mechanism, means preventing expansion of the vessel connected to said damperbefore said valve mechanism has-assumed a'predetermined position, and means preventing expansion of the vessel connected to said valve mechanism after the latter` has assumed said j predetermined position whereby further increase of -pressure of said thermosensitive fluid eilects expansion only of said first-mentioned vessel.

21. A cooling system for internal combus- I tion engines comprising an engine jacket, a

radiator, connections between said radiator and jacket, a damper for regulating the low of air through said radiator, a valve mechanism for regulating theI flow of the'cooling *l medium through said' radiator, and expansaid vessels.'

sible and collapsible j ,vessels collapsible againstA an 'elastic force, 'charged with thermosensitive fluidjat a pressure below that of the surrounding` medium, and' so.- connected to said damperandsaid valve-mechanism respectively as to moverthe sameto positions of safety uponnthaoccurrence 'of a leak in 22. A cooling'systein-for internal combustion engines-comprising an engine jacket, al radiator, connectionsbetween said radiator and jacket, 'a'dampe'r for regulating the il'ow of air throughsaid radiator, a-valve mecha nism for regulating the iiow ofthe cooling medium through said radiator, and comv lating the ow. of-air -through said radiator,.

municating eXpansible and collapsible vessels collapsible against an elasticI force,

charged with thermosensitive fluid at a pressure below that ofthe surrounding medium, and so connected. to said damper and said valve mechanism respectively as to move the same to positions of safety upon the occurrence .of'a leakin either of said vessels.

23. A cooling-system for internal combustion engines'comprising an engine jacket,-

a` radiatorv connected therewith, a by-pass around said radiator, a damper for regua valve-mechanism for regulating the flow "of the cooling medium throu h said radia- .tor and bypass,and expansib e and collapsible vessels charged withthermosensitive fluid vand respectively connected to said damper and said valve mechanism. 24. A cooling system for internal combustion engines comprising an vengine jacket, a radiatorconnected therewith, a by-pass around said radiator, a damper for regulating the flow ofair through said radiator,

a'valve mechanism for regulating the flow I of the cooling medium throughsaid radia-v tor and by-pass, and communicating eX- pansibleand collapsible vessels charged with thermosensitive iuid and respectively connected to said damper and said valve mechanism. I

2 5. A cooling system for internal combustion engines comprising an engine jacket, a

radiator connected therewith, a by-pass around said'radiator, a damper for regulating the flow of air through said radiator, a valve mechanism for regulating the flow of the cooling medium through said radiator and by-pass, eXpansible andl collapsible vessels charged with thermosensitive fluid and respectively connected to said damper and said valve mechanism, and means to prevent the expansion of the vessel connected to said damper before said valve mechanism has assumed a predetermined position.

26. A cooling system for internal com- I bustion engines comprising an engine jacket, a radiator connected therewith, a by-pass around said radiator, a damper for regulating the iiow of air through said radiator, a valve mechanism for regulating the iow of the cooling medium through said radiator and by-pass, and expansible and collapsible .vessels collapsible' against an elastic force,

charged with thermosensitive fluid at a pressure below that of. the surrounding mel dium, and'so connected to said ydamper and said valve mechanism respectively as4 to move the same to` positions of safety upon the occurrence of. a leak in said vessels.

27. A cooling system for internal combustion engines comprising an engine jacket, aV

radiator, connections'between said radiator and jacket, mechanismforvregulating the :How of air through said radiator, valve mechanism for regulating'the flow ofthe cooling medium through said radiator, and

thermosensitive means for controlling said mechanisms, said thermosensitive means being sc 'constructed as to move said'mechamosensitive means for controlling said mechanlsms, said thermosensltlve means being so constructed as to move said mechanisms to their positions of safety upon failure of the and jacket, mechanism for regulating the flow of air through said radiator, Valve mechanism for regulating the flow of the .cooling medium through said radiator, and `means subjected to the temperature of the cooling mediumflowing through said system for controlling said mechanisms, said thermosensitive means being so constructed as to move said mechanisms to their positions of safety upon failure of the temperature control.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification.

JEAN V. 'GIESLER 

